which countries have abolished the death penalty

Philippines, Switzerland, Portugal, Italy) only the later abolition date is included. Abolished by constitution 2002. Guatemala abolished the death penalty for civil cases in 2017. For 40 years, we have been working to end executions. In South Korea, Russia, the Bahamas, Barbados, and Brunei, a moratorium is in practice. It shows that in the past decade, an average of over three countries a year have abolished the death penalty in law or, having done so for ordinary offences, have gone on to abolish it … Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. In 2017, Mongolia repealed the death penalty. CCPR/CO/70/GAB (2000)", "Death Penalty: Hands Off Cain Announces Abolition in Gabon", "Gambia, Iraq executions buck worldwide abolitionist trend", "West Africa: Time to abolish the death penalty", "GAMBIA: 22 death sentences commuted to life imprisonment, a welcome step towards abolition", "Death Penalty News: Ghana referendum will abolish death sentence, weaken President's war powers", "Guinea: Death Penalty/Fear of Imminent Execution", "The Death Penalty Worldwide: Developments in 2003", "Armed Robbery, Hijacking and Terrorism Now Capitol Offenses in Liberia", "Libyan Court System And Criminal Justice", "MADAGASCAR: MPS ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY", "Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty", "The death penalty worldwide: developments in 2004", "Islamic Teaching on the Consequences of Apostasy from Islam", "MOROCCO: NEW MOVES TO ABOLISH DEATH PENALTY", "LEDAP condemns execution of prisoners in Edo, seeks repeal of death penalty — Features — Breaking News, Nigeria News and World News – The Guardian Nigeria", "Rwanda's ban on executions helps bring genocide justice", "Sierra Leone: Amnesty International expresses dismay at 10 death sentences for treason", "South Sudan hangs as many as people in February alone as did in 2018", https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-52358476, "Sudan: Attorney General expects death penalty for islamist coup plotters", "TUNISIA TO MAINTAIN CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN FUTURE CONSTITUTION", "Death Penalty: Uganda's Laws Favour Execution", "DEATH PENALTY: Uganda's Laws Favour Execution", "Uganda: Amnesty International calls on the Ugandan government to abolish the death penalty", "Uganda abolishes mandatory death penalty", "The Death Penalty in Antigua and Barbuda", "Death penalty 2016 Facts and figures | Amnesty International", "La historia reciente de la pena de muerte en la Argentina - Ricardo Canaletti", "Belize: Death Penalty, Gilroy "Hooty" Wade, Oscar "Negro" Catzim Mendez, Glenford Baptist", "Cuba's Raul Castro commutes most death sentences", "Constitutional prohibitions of the death penalty", "Meet Maurice Bishop, Grenada's cherished revolutionary leader and president who was executed in 1983", "Guatemala: Death Penalty/imminent execution", "St Kitts and Nevis: Execution is a shameless act", "Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty", "Texas Inmate Executed for Killing Wife in 2005", "Federal Laws Providing for the Death Penalty", "The death penalty for drug kingpins: constitutional and international implications", "American Samoa: Governor moves to repeal death penalty", "Bahrain executes three men the day after US reinstates federal death penalty", https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-hangs-killer-of-independence-leader/1801340, "MP murder case: Bangla court awards death penalty to 22", "2003 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Bangladesh", "Brunei Law To Allow Death By Stoning For Gay Sex", https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/notorious-gang-leader-executed-in-china, "Saudi Arabia: Man beheaded after 30 yrs on death row", "Chinese billionaire mining tycoon Liu Han is executed over his links to a 'mafia-style' gang", "People's Republic of China: Executed "according to law"? The June 29, 1972 Furman v. Georgia Supreme Court ruling placed a de facto moratorium on the death penalty in the United States. Death penalty for murder, except where extenuating circumstances can be proved. After the end of the Cold War, many more countries followed. 1 (2%) retain it for crimes committed in exceptional circumstances (such as in time of war). 36 countries abolished capital punishment in the 1990s, with 9 in 1990 alone, 23 in the 2000s, 11 in the 2010s, and 2 so far in the 2020s. • 36 countries have abolished the death penalty in practice; • 8 countries have abolished the death penalty for ordinary crimes. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is only partly recognised, and claimed in whole by. Death penalty for murder; high treason; terrorism; some military offences; attempted murder, incitement or conspiracy to commit murder; war crimes and genocide. Abolishing the Death Penalty: As of July, 2018, according to Amnesty International, the capital punishment has been retained by the 56 countries of the 198 United Nations states. The death penalty in China", India Executues Four Men Convicted of Bus Gang Rape and Murder, "Indonesian and three Nigerians executed for drug crimes", "Execution of women in tandem, Iran Hangs Two Women", "Iran executions see 'unprecedented spike' - Amnesty", "Iran - Facts on Trafficking and Prostitution", https://twitter.com/RudawEnglish/status/1328331004688392192, "Human rights groups condemn Iraq's death penalty decision", "Should those who assist suicide bombers be given the death penalty? However, prisoners held for political crimes, or crimes against the state are typically excluded from such amnesties. "Almost 80% of African countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Wa state (officially the Wa Self-Administered Division) is nominally a semi-autonomous division located in two disconnected regions within Shan State. Meanwhile the five such countries who have abolished the death penalty for all crimes are Honduras, Venezuela, Colombia, South Africa and Ecuador, with average homicides of 41.3 per 100,000 people. Of the 43 independent countries in Asia that are UN member or observer states: The information above is accurate as of 2021[update], when Kazakhstan abolished the death penalty, and does not include Taiwan, which is not currently a UN member; Taiwan practises the death penalty by shooting, and conducted one execution in 2016 and one in 2018. Abolished March 1990 by Constitution. Today, that number has risen to 106 - more than half the world's countries. Belarus is the only European country not to have abolished the death penalty. In 2018, The Gambia announced a moratorium as a first step toward abolition.[29]. The most recent countries to abolish capital punishment in Oceania are Samoa (2004), Fiji (2015), and Nauru (2016). Death penalty for treason; insurgency, banditry, sabotage or terrorism resulting in death; perjury in a capital case leading to wrongful execution; murder; attempted murder causing injury by a person sentenced to life for a previous murder; brigandage with murder; and drug dealing under aggravated circumstances. In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, capital punishment may be imposed only for the most serious crimes, it being understood that their scope should not go beyond intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely grave consequences. Hanging, firing squad. Of the 14 independent countries in Oceania that are UN member or observer states: Only Papua New Guinea and Tonga have not formally abolished capital punishment despite not using the practice since 1954 and 1982 respectively. This century the following European countries have abolished capital punishment: Ukraine (2000), Malta (2000), Cyprus (2002), Turkey (2004), Greece (2004), Moldova (2005), Albania (2007), Latvia (2012), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019). Opinion polls state sentiment for governments to return to capital punishment remains high in many Caribbean countries and pressure on politicians to retain it factors high. "The death penalty does not exist" (Article 15). Death penalty allowed for aggravated murder; castration resulting in death; kidnapping a minor resulting in death; terrorism; robbery; treason; espionage; genocide; crimes against humanity; attempt or conspiracy to commit genocide, crimes against humanity and certain war crimes; torture; human trafficking; poisoning; harboring criminals; perjury leading to a person being sentenced to death; attempting to commit a death-eligible offense and redicivism in case of most serious offenses. However, executions are carried out within the de facto autonomous Wa State. While in recent years the UWSA has reached a détente with the Myanmar central authority, the Myanmar legal system does not apply in practice within Wa State. There have been three major amnesties (1989, 1993, 1997) in which the government commuted death sentences to life sentences or less, and simultaneously reduced life sentences to 10 years. The State of New Jersey abolished the death penalty, also on DEC-18. In 1997 Hong Kong was returned to Chinese rule as a special administrative region of China. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights, abolishing the death penalty in all circumstances, came into effect on 6 June 2006. The fourteen countries that have legalized and retained the right to execute criminals for their crimes include: Bangladesh; China; Egypt; Ethiopia; India; Indonesia; Iran; Japan; Nigeria; Saudi Arabia Of the 49 independent states in Europe that are UN members or have UN Observer status: Abolition of death penalty is a pre-condition for entry into the European Union, which considers capital punishment a "cruel and inhuman" practice and "not been shown in any way to act as a deterrent to crime".[300]. [20], The European Union holds a strong position against the death penalty; its abolition is a key objective for the Union's human rights policy. [16] Chad abolished capital punishment for all offences in 2020. Death penalty for murder; terrorism; terrorism acts; violence and aggression; attacks against the external security of the state; kidnapping and sequestration resulting in death; treason; espionage; rape; arson; military offenses; attempt of a death-eligible offense and assault on a judge on duty, with threat or use of a weapon. Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon. Kazakhstan also announced measures to start the process of joining the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which commits states to abolishing the death penalty. Liberia) are not included. This trend away from capital punishment can be seen in the United States as well. Executions by firing squad. The absolute ban on the death penalty is enshrined in both the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU) and two widely adopted protocols of the European Convention on Human Rights of the Council of Europe, and is thus considered a central value. The following is a summary of the use of capital punishment by country. A total of 20 states – plus Washington D.C. – have abolished the death penalty. The last execution on Russian territory was in Chechnya in 1999. The latest execution was that of four perpetrators of a gang rape and murder case on 20 March 2020. Countries that have recently abolished the death penalty: As of the end of 2006, 86 countries no longer have the death penalty. Hanging. Although many African countries have not officially abolished the death penalty, many have carried out no executions in the past 10 years or so. Executions in the Americas in 2019: United States (22).[128]. In 2012, Latvia became the last EU Member State to abolish capital punishment in wartime.[24]. [147][148][149][150] Countries which have abolished and since reinstated (e.g. Since 1999, Belarus has been the only recognized country in Europe to carry out executions. Last execution when occupied by South Africa was in 1988. Death penalty for murder, armed robbery, espionage, treason, economic crimes, military offenses, war crimes and genocide. New death sentences and executions in the U.S. continue to decline. The self-proclaimed state of Transnistria, which is claimed by Moldova, still retains the death penalty but has observed a moratorium on executions since 1999. Most of these are in Western Europe and the Americas. Death penalty for murder; terrorism; kidnapping; rape; robbery if the offender uses or threatens to use a deadly weapon, resulting in death or causing "grievous harm" to anyone; smuggling if the offender uses or threatens to use a deadly weapon, resulting in death or causing "grievous harm" to anyone; treason and some military offences. Chad became the latest African nation to ban capital punishment, when it passed the law in April 2020. Of the 12 countries with a "very high" Human Development Index which practice executions, 10 are in Asia: Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. In Central and South America, the death penalty exists in Belize and Guyana, though it has not been used in years. Northern (majority Muslim) states also apply Sharia law. According to Amnesty International, 21 countries recorded executions in 2011, compared to 31 countries 10 years ago. Nismo imali izbora, morali smo ga osuditi na strijeljanje", "The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia", http://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2017-06-30-Ha-100-anos-a-espera-de-um-perdao-do-Estado-portugues#gs._cRmMTE. Death penalty for murder; treason; armed robbery. Non-independent territories are considered to be under the jurisdiction of their parent country – which leads to unexpectedly late abolition dates for the UK, New Zealand and the Netherlands, where Jersey (UK), the Cook Is (NZ), and the Netherlands Antilles, were the last territories of those states to abolish capital punishment, and all were rather later than the more well known abolitions on the respective mainlands. In 1993 the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic divided into two states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.4. The countries where these still occur are North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Somalia according to research carried out by Amnesty International in 2012. As per current data, there are 58 … In 2000 it had ratified Protocol No. Death penalty abolished for ordinary crimes in 2018; still retained for war crimes. Amnesty opposes the death penalty at all times – regardless of who is accused, the crime, guilt or innocence or method of execution. Most executions worldwide take place in Asia. As such it is in principle subject to the laws, enforcement, and judicial system of Myanmar. [19] Montenegro had already abolished the death penalty in 2002 when it was part of a state union with Serbia. Firing squad, hanging. Amnesty International reports that as of the end of 2013, more than two-thirds of all countries have abolished death penalty in law or in practice. May be imposed only in cases provided by military laws during a state of international war. Death penalty for murder; treason; military offenses; mutiny by prison officers; and abortion (in Zanzibar semi-autonomous region). Many states amended their laws to comply with the mandates of the Furman decision and reinstate capital punishment after the 1972 ruling. 4) … Kazakhstan has abolished the death penalty, making permanent a nearly two-decade freeze on capital punishment in the Central Asian country, a statement on … More than two-thirds of the world’s countries, including virtually all of Europe, have abolished the death penalty. Executions in Europe in 2019: Belarus (2+)[171][301]. Whether or not you agree with the death penalty as a consequence of serious criminal activity, capital punishment remains legal in fourteen countries worldwide. Belarus is the only European country not to have abolished the death penalty. Executions in Africa in 2019: Botswana (1), Egypt (29+), Somalia (13+), South Sudan (7+)[30][31] DS: Today, over 100 countries have legally abolished the death penalty for all crimes. At least 607 executions were carried out worldwide in 2014, a decrease of almost 22% compared to the figures recorded for 2013. The countries in the Americas that most recently abolished the death penalty are Suriname (2015), Argentina (2009), and Bolivia (2009). According to a 2017 report by the Myanmar National Human Rights Commission, 709 prisoners in 26 prisons across the country have had death sentences commuted to life imprisonment. Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 28 states, American Samoa, the federal government, and the military. Countries whose laws provide for the death penalty only for exceptional crimes such as crimes under military law or crimes committed in exceptional circumstances BRAZIL GUATEMALA The last execution elsewhere in the region was in Saint Kitts and Nevis in 2008. Hanging (in the past, for civil offences), firing squad (military offences). Showing 1 to 51 of 51 entries CCPR/C/79/Add.116 (1999)", "Cameroun: Paul Biya signe un décret conduisant à la libération de Michel Thierry Atangana", "89 Boko Haram militants sentenced to death in Cameroon", "Human Rights Committee Considers The Situation In The Central African Republic", "The Death Penalty in Central African Republic", "Chad executes 10 Boko Haram members by firing squad", http://north-africa.com/2020/04/sahel-chad-abolishes-death-penalty-for-terrorism/, "Chad reintroduces death penalty for acts of terror - BBC News", "Chad parliament abolishes death penalty for acts of terror", "The death penalty: List of abolitionist and retentionist countries (October 1996)", "Congo's Presidential Election Strengthens the Controversial New Constitution that Abolished Capital Punishment", "The Death Penalty in Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Eq Guinea executes four coup convicts: Amnesty", "Swaziland Moves Toward Execution By Lethal Injection; Hangman Unavailable", "Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee, Gabon, U.N. Doc. Since 1976, more than 75 nations have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, while others have abolished it for ordinary crimes. [25] Nearly all countries in this region have abolished the death penalty as a form of punishment, and the two countries that still have it in law (Papua New Guinea and Tonga) have not used it in many decades. Only three industrialized democracies still execute people: Japan, South Korea, and most states in the U.S. In 2019, Asia had the world's 5 leading practitioners of capital punishment – China, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam. Note: Where a country has abolished, re-instated, and abolished again (e.g. Countries That Still Have The Death Penalty. According to Amnesty International, as of July 2015, 101 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes in law, while 140 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Every victim has a right to see the person responsible held to account in a court of law; but the death penalty is not justice, it is revenge. It was in the Kingdom of Tahiti (when the island was independent), in 1824, that for the first time in the world a legislative assembly abolished the death penalty, commuted into banishment. 24 (56%) maintain the death penalty in both law and practice. In Europe, only Belarus and the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic continue to actively use capital punishment. An other de facto autonomous region, Mong La (officially: Shan State Special region 4) on the Myanmar-Chinese border under the control of the National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA) is also reputed to carry out executions much like Wa State,[251] however information is less reliable as executions are not officially announced. Death penalty for murder, terrorism, participating in a gang robbery if one of the robbers commits murder, abetting a successful mutiny, assault by a person under a life sentence which causing harm, assault with the intention to murder which causing only harm, perjury causing wrongful execution, Death penalty for murder, drug trafficking, arson, piracy, terrorism, kidnapping, recividism of aggravated offenses punishable by life imprisonment, leading an armed group that engages in spreading disorder (such as by sabotage, pillage or killing), espionage, treason and perjury causing wrongful execution. The death penalty is legal in Belize and Guyana. When Amnesty started its work in 1977, only 16 countries had totally abolished the death penalty. [243][244] While Maynmar courts do hand down death sentences pro forma in particularly egregious cases, most recently in the 2018 case of Myo Zaw Oo who was convicted of the rape and murder of a government worker,[245] the sentences in practice are not carried out and are in effect life sentences. However, in reality, the Wa State is controlled entirely by the United Wa State Army (UWSA) - an ethnic armed organisation (EAO) previously in open rebellion against the Myanmar government and military. Of all modern European countries, San Marino, Portugal and the Netherlands were the first to abolish capital punishment, whereas only Belarus still practices capital punishment in some form or another. 3238" on 23 September 1907 and by the, *None since independence in 1965 (1952, before independence). From the 1960s onwards, abolition became far more popular. China is the world's most active death penalty country; according to Amnesty International, China executes more people than the rest of the world combined per annum. The last known executions in this region took place in Tonga in 1982. [21][22][23], Capital punishment has been completely abolished in all European countries except for Belarus and Russia, the latter of which has a moratorium and has not conducted an execution since 1999. [249] Wa State imposes the death penalty only for murder [250] and executions are carried out by gunshot to the back of the head. Only one civilian was sentenced to death in the republican period, in 1969, but the sentence was commuted and was not carried out. In 2007 Albania ratified Protocol No. There are 98 countries which have abolished … 1 (3%) maintain the death sentence in both law and practice. Over the past decade, several U.S. Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the death penalty’s application in the states. Hong Kong and Macau are also listed below (they have abolished the death penalty), but they are not included in the figures above as they do not have UN membership separate from China. In 2016, there were approximately 30 new death sentences—down from a record high of 315 in 1996. Of the 66 sovereign states categorized as 'very high' on the 2020 issue of the Human Development Index (referring to 2019),[15] 12 perform capital punishment: Singapore, the United States, Japan, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, Belarus, Kuwait, Qatar, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Just over half the countries in the world – 106 – no longer had the death penalty by 2018, according to Amnesty International. After 1876, Emperor Pedro II adopted in practice an abolitionist policy through his prerrogative of Mercy as Head of State, by directing that all death sentences be submitted by the Courts to the Imperial Government for examination regarding commutation (even without a request for pardon or commutation from the person condemned), and by granting commutations for all death sentences that were passed. Law, but this remains unconfirmed decision and reinstate capital punishment for all crimes offences! 51 of 51 entries which countries use the death penalty for murder ; treason and espionage their. For which countries have abolished the death penalty committed in exceptional circumstances ( such as in time of ). Europe in 2019, compared to at least two executions were recorded in Belarus in,! In Belize and Guyana since reinstated ( e.g Israel and Chile, it is restricted to crimes in. 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Following is a summary of the use of capital punishment for all offences in 2020 compared!

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